Ninety-Three, Bug Jargal, and Claude Gueux

6W Victor Hugo, Illustrated Sterling Edition. Boston: Dana Estes & Co., ca. 1900. Notes Ninety-Three (French: Quatre-vingt-treize) is a historical novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1874, set during the turbulent times of the French Revolution, specifically the year 1793. The novel explores themes of revolution, loyalty, and the clash between idealism and violence. It follows several characters, including the revolutionary leader Gauvain, who is torn between his duty to the revolution and his compassion for individuals. The novel depicts the brutal conflict between the forces of the revolutionary government and the royalist insurgents in the Vendée region. Through its characters and events, Hugo delves into the moral complexities of war and the revolutionary spirit, portraying the ideals and tragedies of this pivotal moment in history. Bug-Jargal is one of Hugo’s earlier works, first published in 1826, and it centers on the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804). The novel tells the story of the relationship between the Frenchman, Henri, and his slave, Bug-Jargal, who becomes a hero in the slave uprising against French colonial rule. The themes of freedom, slavery, and racial injustice are explored as Bug-Jargal rises to prominence in the rebellion, displaying both heroism and moral integrity. It’s notable for its early exploration of racial and colonial themes, which Hugo would later expand upon in his other works. Claude Gueux, published in 1834, is a short novel that deals with the harsh realities of life in prison and the injustices of the French penal system. It tells the story of Claude Gueux, a poor man who, driven by poverty and hunger, turns to crime. After being sent to prison, he becomes a victim of the brutal conditions there, which ultimately lead him to take matters into his own hands. The novel is a powerful critique of the social system and the dehumanization of individuals within it, with Hugo calling for reform and social justice. It reflects his deep empathy for the underprivileged and his commitment to advocating for social change. Description  Marbled boards with burgundy three quarter leather. Gilt details and lettering on spine with two raised bands. Gilt top edge. Fine condition overall.