M2X

This pair of M2 clone cicuit boards, use the same circuit as the Nelson Pass / First Watt M2 amplifier. However, the first "buffer" stage of amplification has been placed on a removable daughter board, making it extremely easy to swap-in different first stage circuits. A total of five first stage circuit designs are provided, and naturally one of them is the Nelson Pass / First Watt original. The product package consists of twelve PCBs: two amplifier main boards, and five stereo pairs of daughter boards. Read the M2X thread on diyAudio to learn more and join in the discussion.   CIRCUIT DESIGN The M2x is a Push-Pull Class A amplifier circuit, with zero global feedback. It consists of 3 stages: an input buffer circuit (on a daughter card), followed by a passive auto-transformer for voltage gain, and finally a Class A MOSFET push pull output buffer. The sound of the M2x, as Nelson Pass puts it, is "relaxed and lively." Five different input stage options are provided on PCB daughter cards: ISHIKAWA: The Nelson Pass original using Toshiba JFETs MOUNTAIN VIEW: A single ended Class A circuit using a Fairchild JFET TUCSON: An IC opamp circuit using a highly regarded JFET-input chip from Burr Brown AUSTIN: A fully complementary, symmetric Diamond Buffer circuit using discrete bipolar transistors from ON Semi NORWOOD: An Analog Devices JFET opamp followed by a high bandwidth video driver (110 MHz!) from Harris These different input circuit designs allow a builder many options, particularly when sourcing electronic components. For example, during times when the JFETs used in Nelson Pass's original (K170 + J74) are out of stock, one of the other daughter cards can be sourced, stuffed, soldered, and enjoyed in the listening room. Some early M2x builders report that they prefer the sound of these other cards, even more than the Nelson Pass original. Try them yourself and discover which one(s) YOU prefer. How might someone choose which of these to build? (Or, which of these to build first?) Here are some thoughts. ISHIKAWA (using Toshiba or LS JFETs) has the absolutely lowest parts count and is the easiest to solder together. But those FETs are hard to find. TUCSON using the thru-hole OPA604 chip, is the lowest parts count board that doesn't use unobtainium devices. And the OPA604 opamp has JFET inputs, so if you love JFETs, it's one of the opamps you probably know and adore. Alternatively, TUCSON using the SMD OPA1611 chip, is the lowest distortion input stage of them all. Even lower than the Nelson Pass original. It only has one surface mount part; the rest of the board is thru-hole. NORWOOD is all-SMD, just like the entire electronics industry has been for the last 20 years. Norwood includes a 200 mA driver IC, and a JFET input opamp from Analog Devices. Its output current capability is at least a factor of five greater than any of the other M2x input stages. If you're at all concerned about the input impedance of the output devices at HF, reflected from the transformer secondary back into the primary, Norwood can drive it better than all the others. MOUNTAIN VIEW uses single-ended, class A, discrete circuitry and no feedback. If you are a big believer in single ended class A, if you love this quote from a famous article by Nelson Pass... "For reproducing music as naturally as possible, push-pull operation is not the best approach. Air is not symmetric and does not have a push-pull characteristic. ... Only one linear circuit topology delivers the appropriate characteristic, and that is the single-ended amplifier. Single ended amplification only comes in pure class A," ...then you probably are interested in listening to the Mountain View input stage. AUSTIN is a thru-hole board with 4X more components than the other boards; its resistors are mounted vertically to save PCB area. This permits a Diamond Buffer circuit with high performance, precision current source loads. Builders who love parts substitutions / optimizations will appreciate that Austin's PCB silkscreen doesn't indicate transistor orientation. Instead, transistor pins are labeled B, C, E in a perfect circle; allowing you to drop in Japanese 2SA/2SC transistors (pinout ECB) or European BC transistors (pinout CBE) or American 2N transistors (pinout EBC) however you please. Austin is recommended ONLY for experienced builders. If you're a newbie, hire someone to solder your Austin board!!   OUTPUT POWER As with most First Watt amplifiers, the power output is 25WPC into 8 ohms.