Indigenous Language Revitalization: From Boarding Schools and Code Talkers to Immersion Learning

Indigenous languages have a mixed history in the United States. Many Native languages have become endangered. In the 1800s, the US government began forcing Native children to attend federal Indian boarding schools. There, children were punished for speaking anything other than English. But during the two World Wars, the US military asked Native American soldiers to create unbreakable codes in their Native languages. Indigenous languages help explain cultural practices, keep ceremonies alive, and teach Indigenous peoples about their histories and their ways of life. Today, Indigenous nations use immersion camps and schools to revitalize their languages.